Photo editing is more accessible—and essential—than ever. Whether you’re a business owner, ecommerce seller, or busy creative, knowing what photo editing is (and isn’t) can help you elevate your visuals and reach your goals faster.
In the following guide to photo editing, you’ll learn:
- What photo editing means (and why it matters)
- Different types of photo editing, from simple to complex
- Real-world examples of edits for portrait, sports, and product photography
And if you’re ready to level up your own photo edits, check out our free tutorials and professional editing services.
What is photo editing?
Photo editing is the act of image enhancement and manipulation. This process is usually done with a digital photo editing software. Photo editing can involve basic tweaks like when you crop and resize images or adjust saturation. It also includes advanced techniques like swapping faces or photo retouching to get rid of distracting elements or unwanted objects.
Some image editing techniques are done manually, while others are conducted through automated photo editing tools and software. Most edits to digital photography involve some one or a few photo editing programs. Some edits are even done offline on actual photographs, posters, or other printed collateral without any image editing software.
Other terms for photo editing include:
- Image editing
- Post-processing
- Image/photo manipulation
- Photoshopping
- Image/photo enhancement
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The importance of photo editing
Editing helps you fine tune and get the best image possible, as close to what you imagined when you took the photo (or better perhaps). Niche photographers can hone and emphasize their personal style. And for businesses, editing helps cement branding and optimize for business goals.
Photo editing is particularly important for ecommerce companies. Image quality directly affects people’s opinion of the product and sales numbers. If you have ugly photos, it’s going to be tough to convince a shopper to purchase your product.
Types of photo editing
There are many ways to edit a photo—some simple and others more complicated.
Many people can figure out simple photo editing techniques on their own—though this does require time and patience. More complex adjustments may require using dedicated programs with specific photo editing features or hiring a trained professional editor.
Simple photo editing techniques include:
- Straighten: adjust the horizon of the photo
- Crop: image cropping involves trimming out a portion (usually peripheral) of the image to help draw attention to the subject or otherwise improve the composition
- Resize: adjust the dimensions of the image
- Sharpen: enhance the definition of the edges in an image (won’t make a blurry image in-focus)
- Noise reduction: smoothing the picture out, typically accomplished by reducing the pixel size
- White balance: the color of the light in the image
- Contrast: higher contrast makes an image more punchy, while lower contrast makes it flatter in color
- Exposure: the brightness of the photo
- Lens correction: lessens the effect(s) of the camera lens
- Color adjustments: change the color of an item or element in the photo
- Background removal: delete the background from the image, isolating the subject (this is often used for white background product photography)
More complex techniques include:
- Clipping paths: vector path that differentiates the part of the image that’s visible and the part that’s transparent (extracts a subject or element from an image)
- Portrait corrections: complexion touch-ups and enhancements
- Drop and reflection shadow: create and adjust shadows
- Special effects: this can mean an array of things, from animation to adding weather conditions like fog or snow
- Adjusting text and visuals: add overlays or manipulate what’s already there
- Photo stitching: when you seamlessly put two images together to make it look as though they were shot that way
- Photo masking and Layers: the process of hiding and revealing specified portions of an image
- Mirror effect: when you create a perfectly symmetrical photo, often used for apparel product shots
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Pixel editing and parametric image editing
Two methods of digital photo editing are pixel editing and parametric image editing. Let’s look at their definitions:
What is pixel editing?
Pixel editing, or pixel-level editing, is when you alter an image at the pixel level. Because you’re altering the pixels themselves, this also permanently changes the image file. That’s why pixel editing is considered a destructive form of photo editing because it’s not as easy to undo the changes and restore the original file.
Pixel editing allows you to make extremely detailed edits and accomplish certain functions that parametric image editing can’t (like CMYK color modes, for example).
What is parametric image editing?
Parametric image editing (PIE) doesn’t change the pixels of the image. Instead, these edits are recorded as a set of steps to follow to accomplish the final look. Thus, it’s a non-destructive mode of photo editing. However, PIE doesn’t always allow for all types of edits.
Many in the industry recommend starting with PIE, and then using pixel editing to refine the final details.
Examples of photo editing
There are so many ways to edit photos, and everyone has a unique approach. You might see examples of photo editing on social media or YouTube.
Here are some examples of photo edits the team at Path have done for businesses from all around the world:
Background removal
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Photo retouching
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Ghost mannequin
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Editing different types of photos
Technique | Skill level | Use case |
Cropping | Beginner | Ecommerce, social media, marketing, headshots |
Background removal | Intermediate | Amazon product listings, white background product photos |
Retouching | Advanced | Portraits, headshots, fashion, jewelry |
Product and ecommerce photography
Product images will almost always require or benefit from post-processing. Aim for consistency, especially if you’re working on multiple products for the same company or are providing several types of photos of the same product.
Visuals help market brands and sell products, but you should also think about where the image will be used. Is it for an advertisement, ecommerce page, social media, or a print catalog? A white background shot will call for much different edits than an image for a Facebook ad. Likely, you’ll be able to get more creative with advertising imagery.
Here are some of the most common types of edits for product photography:
- Brightness and exposure: If you didn’t nail the lighting, you can make substantial adjustments post-shoot.
- Background removal: This is a common edit for product photos, especially if you’re listing the item on Amazon, which has a white background requirement. Regardless, white background maintains consistency.
- Color correction: It’s important that product photos portray the item as accurately as possible so it’s a smart idea to color correct all of your product images. As many as 64% of returns happen because the product didn’t match customer expectations based on product images and descriptions.
- Color change: For products that come in several colors, it’s important to showcase the variety. Instead of photographing the product in every color, photo editors can make the changes post shoot.
Sports photography
Sports images are often captured in fast-paced, unpredictable environments—making photo editing essential for polishing the final result. Whether you’re working with action shots from the field or editorial images of athletes, editing helps enhance sharpness, fix lighting, and direct attention to the key moment.
Common edits for sports photography include:
- Cropping: Reframe the shot to highlight peak action or key players. A tighter crop can add intensity and drama.
- Sharpening: Motion blur is common in sports. Sharpening can help make images feel more crisp and in focus.
- Color correction: Natural lighting varies across stadiums and gyms. Post-shoot edits bring consistency and accuracy.
- Background cleanup: Remove distractions from the crowd or surroundings that pull attention away from the subject.
- Spot retouching: Clean up sweat, mud, or jersey wrinkles to create stronger, cleaner visuals for media or brand use.
If you’re editing for a team, school, or sponsor, keep branding consistency in mind—many sports photographers rely on editing templates to maintain uniformity across hundreds or thousands of images.
Headshot and portrait photography
Headshots and portraits are often the first impression someone gets of a person—whether it’s for a professional bio, dating profile, modeling portfolio, or graduation announcement. Editing can enhance natural features while preserving authenticity.
Here are common edits for portraits and headshots:
- Skin retouching: Reduce blemishes, smooth skin, and even out tone without losing texture.
- Whitening teeth and eyes: Brighten smiles and make eyes pop subtly and naturally.
- Color correction: Adjust tones to match a flattering, realistic look or a specific brand aesthetic.
- Flyaway removal: Clean up stray hairs or lint that distract from the subject.
- Background editing: Simplify or replace backgrounds to match the intended context—e.g., corporate headshot vs. lifestyle portrait.
The key with headshot and portrait editing is to enhance, not transform. The goal is to present someone in their best light while keeping the photo true to who they are.
Learn how to edit your photos
If you’re ready to learn how to edit your own photos, check out this handy collection of Photoshop tutorials. Here are a few to get started with:
Photo editing history
What is a professional photo editor?
A person who edits images can either be self-employed, contracted by an outsourced company or agency, or someone who works in-house. There are many possible job titles for a photo editor, including digital photo editor, graphic designer or art director, among others.
Typically, photo editors specialize in specific industries, much like photographers. For example, real estate, editorial, and product photography all come with their own set of trends and intricacies. Editors that focus on ecommerce images know how to make products pop.
Our virtual photo editing studio is made of more than 300 trained professional photo editors who specialize in the following:
- Ecommerce
- Product
- Sports
- Headshot
- Portrait photography
Let us look after your image edits, so you can get back to the fun stuff. Try Path free.
Tackle your photo editing projects with Path
Learning new photo editing techniques can be an enjoyable way to break up your day and add to your industry knowledge, but editing photos can be time-consuming, especially if photography is your specialty. If you need fast, affordable, high-quality photo-editing services, the professionals at Path are here to help.
What is photo editing? FAQs
Can I edit a photo for free?
Yes, you can edit a photo for free. You can use free photo editing tools and do it yourself. You can also use free AI photo editing tools, but these edits require careful quality checks. Or, send your first two photos to Path to get them edited for free.
How can I edit a picture image?
- Open your photo editing tool of choice
- Upload or open the photo you want to edit
- Make your desired edits
- Save your work
What is the best app to use for photo editing?
- Adobe Photoshop
- Adobe Lightroom
- GIMP
- Pixlr
- Snapseed
- VSCO
How do I edit my photos like a pro?
Edit photos like a pro by learning basic and advanced Photoshop techniques, outsourcing the tedious edits, and optimizing for the right use and context.
What is the meaning of photo editing?
The meaning of photo editing is the process of manipulating and enhancing a photo. Photo editing can involve basic tweaks like cropping, resizing, and applying artistic filters. It also includes advanced manipulations like retouching and removing unwanted elements and distractions.
What are the 5 basics of photo editing?
- Cropping
- Resizing
- Applying simple clipping paths
- Changing colors
- Adjusting exposure
What is the purpose of a photo editor?
A photo editor can save you time and stress because they have the skills necessary to accomplish tedious, time-consuming, or complicated editing tasks for you.
Let us look after your image edits, so you can get back to the fun stuff. Try Path free.